第一冊第3單元補充資料
標題句:Is this
your book?
Yes, it is. Are you a vet? No, I’m
not.
結
構:Be V 句型(肯定、否定、疑問),
人稱代名詞主格,不定冠詞,指示詞(this, that)
(一)肯定句
This |
is |
a |
book. pen. bag. watch. ruler. |
|
my your his her |
||||
That |
解析:
(1) this、that用來指示的詞
that |
那個(指遠的東西) |
this |
這個(指近的東西) |
(2) 例句
1. |
This is a picture. 這是一張圖畫。 |
2.
|
That is a ball. 那是一顆球。 |
(二)否定句
This |
is not isn’t |
a |
book. pen. bag. watch. ruler. |
|
my your his her |
||||
That |
解析:
(1) 否定句時,在is後加上not即可表達「不是」。
(2) 例句
1. |
This is not a wall. 這不是一面牆。 This is a blackboard. 這是一面黑板。 |
2. |
That is not a desk. 那不是一張桌子。 That is a chair. 那是一張椅子。 |
(三)疑問句
Is |
this |
a my your his her |
bike? |
that |
Yes, it
is. |
|||
No, it
is not. |
It is
not |
a your my his her |
Bike. |
解析1:
Is
this
your pen? 這是你的筆嗎? |
|||
近的 |
如果答案是肯定的,回答方式可以是: |
||
Yes, it is. It is my pen. Yes, it is. Yes. |
|||
遠的 |
如果答案是否定的,回答方式可以是: |
||
No, it is not. It is not my pen. No, it is not. No. |
解析2:
(1) this 這 (指近的東西)
(2) that 那 (指遠的東西)
解析3:
不論是this or that, 簡答都用it來回答。就是不會回答成:
Yes, this is. ( X )
No, that is. ( X )
解析4:
不會將Yes, it is. 中的it is 縮寫為it’s。因為若要在Yes或No後面加句子,那句字最少要兩個字。
(四) 疑問句、肯定回答
Are |
you |
a teacher? students? |
they |
cooks? |
|
Is |
he she |
a police officer? |
Yes, |
I |
am. |
we they |
are. |
|
he she |
is. |
解析1:
(1) Are , Is 為Be動詞,放在句首,形成疑問句,詢問「你(他,她,他們)是…嗎?」
例如:Are you a student? (你是學生嗎?)
例如:Are they teachers? (他們是老師嗎?)
例如:Is he a cook? (他是廚師嗎?)
(2) Be動詞Are 形成疑問句所搭配的主詞有you / they ,you有你,你們兩個中文意思,回答時根據疑問句為單數或複數來回答,
例如:A: Are you a student? B: Yes, I am.
(A:你是學生嗎?) (B:是的,我是。)
例如:A: Are you students? B: Yes, we
are.
(A:你們是學生嗎?) (B:是的,我們是。)
解析2:
(1) 回答疑問句時的肯定簡答:「肯定簡答:Yes, … 」,
例如:Are you a student? (你是學生嗎?)
肯定簡答:Yes, I
am. (是的,我是。)
例如:Is he a
cook? (他是廚師嗎?)
肯定簡答:Yes, he
is. (是,他是。)
☆肯定簡答中,主詞與be動詞不可縮寫。
(五)疑問句、否定回答
Are |
you |
a teacher? students? |
they |
cooks? |
|
Is |
he she |
a police officer? |
No, |
I’m not. |
|
we they |
aren’t. |
|
he she |
isn’t. |
解析1:
(1) 回答疑問句時的否定簡答:「否定簡答:No, …not」。
例如:Are you a student? (你是學生嗎?)
否定簡答:No, I am
not. (不,我不是。)
例如:Is he a
cook? (他是廚師嗎?)
否定簡答:No, he is
not. (不,他不是。)
(2) 否定簡答中,主詞、be動詞與not有以下幾種縮寫方式。
I am not. I’m not.
He is not. He’s not. He isn’t.
They are not. They’re
not. They aren’t.
解析2:
(1) 在be 動詞(am, is , are)後加上not 形成否定句,中文意思為「我(他,你…)不是…」。
例如:I’m not a teacher. ( 我不是老師。)
例如:She is not a nurse. (她不是護士。)
(2) 在英文中,主詞與be動詞可以縮寫,例如:
You are = You’re
I am = I’m
He is = He’s
She is = She’s
They are = They’re
We are = We’re
(3) 在英文中,be動詞和not可以縮寫,例如:
are not =
aren’t
is not = isn’t
am not = ain’t ( 常使用於口語中)
☆ am not 的縮寫不可寫成amn’t
(六)否定疑問句
Aren’t |
you |
a teacher? students? |
they |
cooks? |
|
Isn’t |
he she |
a police officer? |
Yes, |
I |
am. |
|
No, |
I am not. |
|
we they |
are. |
|
|
we they |
aren’t. |
|
he she |
is. |
|
|
he she |
isn’t. |
解析1:
否定疑問句的回答方式
(1)
肯定回答為確實是…,
例如:A: Aren’t you a teacher? (你不是老師嗎?)
B: Yes, I
am. (我是老師。)(確實)
☆ 試試看只看Yes或 No後的回答。
☆此句的回答是I am, 回答者的職業為老師。
例如:A:Isn’t she a cook? (她不是廚師嗎?)
B:Yes, she is. (她是廚師。)(確實)
☆此句的回答是she is, 回答者的職業為廚師。
(2)
否定回答為不是…。
例如:A: Aren’t you a teacher? (你不是老師嗎?)
B: No, I’m not. I am a doctor.(我不是老師,我是醫生。)
☆此句的回答是I’m
not, 回答者的職業不是老師,是醫生。
例如:A: Isn’t she a singer? (她不是歌手嗎?)
B: No, she isn’t. She is a police officer.
(她不是歌手, 她是警察。)
☆ 此句的回答是she isn’t, 回答者不是歌手,是警察。
(七)否定句
I am a
teacher, |
not |
a doctor. |
解析:
英文若要表達「我是老師,不是醫生。」只要在逗點後的句子加上not a doctor既可。
例如:I am a
teacher, not a doctor. (我是老師,不是醫生。)
例如:They are teachers, not
students. (他們是老師,不是學生。)
例如:A:Is she
your mother? (她是你媽媽嗎?)
B:No, she isn’t. She’s my sister, not my mother.
(不,她不是。)(她是我姊姊,不是我媽媽。)