第一冊第4單元補充資料

標題句: Open your book, Tom.

結  構: 祁使句，定冠詞the

 

（一）肯定句

Please

stand up. sit down. open your book. close the door. be quiet.

 

Stand up, Sit down, Open your book, Close the door, Be quiet,

please.

 

解析:

(1)什麼時候用祈使句?

A. 命令:

Stand up.

Don’t talk.

B. 請求:

Give me a hand, please.

C. 指示方向:

A: Where is the park?

B: Go along the street and turn right.

(2) 省略第二人稱you(你或你們)

(You) open the door, please.

(因為已知說話的對象是誰，所以省略了主詞you。)

(3) 用原形動詞開頭。(原形動詞: 就是動詞後面不加s, ing或ed。)

    Open the door.

    Turn to page 5.

    Say the word.

    Read the sentence, please.

    * am /  is / are 的原形動詞為be

     Be a good student. (做個好學生。)

     Be quiet.

(4) Please可放句首(原形動詞之前)，後面不加逗點。

Please可放句尾，後面要加上逗點。

Please look at the pictures.

Look at the pictures, please.

(5) 稱呼語可放句首或句尾，用逗點隔開。

John, please read the sentence.

= John, read the sentence, please.

= Please read the sentence, John.

 

（二）否定句

Don’t Never

stand up. sit down. open your book. close the door. talk.

 

解析:

(1) 表示禁止或請求時，可用否定祈使句。

(2) don’t 或never +　原形動詞

Sam, don’t shout in the library.

= Don’t shout in the library, Sam.

= Never shout in the library, Sam.

　　

（三）the 用來指特定的指示詞。例如：I have a book. The book is interesting. 其中the book指的就是上一句說過的 a book。