第六冊 第 10 單元 介詞的使用彙整(一)
結 構:介詞的使用彙整(一)
被列為「國民中小學最基本之
1200
字詞」內的「介詞」,總共有
41
個,分別是
about,
above
,
across
,
after
,
along
,
around
,
at
,
before
,
behind
,
below
,
beside
,
between
,
by
,
down
,
during
,
except
, for, from, in, in back of, in front of, inside, into, like, near, next to, of, off, on, out, out of, outside, over, since, than, to, under, until, up, with, without
。從本單元起,將依字母順序復習國中階段,可能已學過的各介詞用法;遇有必要處,亦會連結到相關網頁參考。
一、最常見的對應中文是「關於」:
例:
1. She told me something
about
your son
last night.
(她昨晚告訴我一些
有關
你兒子的事
。)
2. I got a book
about
how to plant vegetables
this morning.
(今早我買了一本
有關
種植蔬菜的書
。)
3. Henry wrote a song
about
the story between him and his girlfriend
(
Henry
寫了一首
關於
他和他女朋友故事
的歌。)
註:
例句
3
和
4
的用法,常見於
說明書信、報章雜誌、歌曲、電影、戲劇,甚至於電動玩具的內容中
。)
二、
be happy about ...
(對
...
感到高興)
be excited about ...
(對
...
感到興奮)
be worried about ...
(對
...
感到憂慮;對
...
感到擔心)
例:
4. It's natural for parents to
be worried about
their children.
(父母親
擔心
孩子,是很自然的事。)
5. He
is happy about
his nice work.
(他
對於
他美好的作品
感到高興
。)
6. We
are
all
excited about
the news that Wang Jian-min plans to come back to
(我們都
很興奮
,王建民計畫下個月回台灣。)
三、
How about ...?
= What about ...?
(
...
如何?)
例:
7.
How about
going to a movie tonight?
(今晚去看個電影
如何
?)
= 8.
What about
going to a movie tonight?
四、
其它與形容詞連結使用,
請按這裡
。
五、
其它與動詞連結使用,
請按這裡
。
一、「在
...
的上面」,可用於指在某物之上,也可用於指在某一數字、數量、水準之上
,
如在冰點(
例:
9. There's a note
above/over
the door of my room
.
(
在我房間門上
有一張標語。)
10. He got a big money
above
100,000
last week.
(他上個星期進帳
超過
十萬
。)
二、
above all
:最重要的是
。
例:
11.
Above all
, you have to pass the test first.
(
最重要的是
,你必須先通過這個考試。)
最簡單的對應中文是「橫越」,也就是從某個範圍的一端,到另一端的意思(請參考
圖例說明
)。
其後有時也可視需要,加上其它的介詞,如
at/to
等。
例:
12. The two old persons walked
across
the street
slowly.
(那兩個老人家,慢慢地走路
橫過
街道
。)
13. The child
ran across
to his father who sat on the bench on the other side of the park.
(那個男孩跑步到坐在公園
另一頭
長凳上的爸爸那邊。)
一、在
...
之後:指時間上的先後而言。相反詞是
before
。
例:
14. Repeat
after
me
, please.
(請跟
在我之後
,複誦一次。)
15. You have to write your address
after
your name
.
(你必須
在你的名字之後
,寫上你的地址。)
16.
After
dinner
, he usually watches TV news for an hour.
(
晚餐後
,他通常會看一個鐘頭的電視。)
17.
After
two days
, she left for
(
兩天之後
,她動身前往日本。)
(
= Two days later, she left for Japan.
)
註
:同樣是講「在一段時間之後」,
after
和
later
是用來談論「過去的事件」,而
in
則是用來談論「未來的事件」。
例:
18. He'
ll
be here
in an hour
.
(他
一小時後
,會出現在這裡。)
二、終究、畢竟:
例:
19.
After all
,
you will help her no matter what she did before.
(不管她以前做了什麼,
終究
你還是會幫她的忙。)
20. Don't forget he is your student,
after all
.
(別忘了,他
畢竟
是你的學生。)
三、其它與動詞連結使用,
請按這裡
。
例:
21. If you drive
along
this street
, you'll see the store you want to go at your right side.
(假如你
沿著
這條街
一直開,你就會在你的右手邊看到你要去的那家店。)
一、到處;(在較大範圍內)向各處:
例:
22. Mr. Black likes to travel
around
the world
on summer vacation.
(
Black
先生喜歡在暑假時,
環遊
世界
。)
23. A lot of students enjoy running around the playground during their break time.
(很多學生喜歡在下課休息時間,在操場上跑來跑去。)
二、在附近:
例:
24. On my way to school this morning, I saw a strange man walking
around
the store
.
(今早上學途中,我
在那家店附近
看到一個奇怪的人。)
三、環繞:
例:
25. The earth moves
around
the sun
.
(地球
圍著
太陽
轉。)
26. He put the towel
around
his body
and walked out of the bathroom.
(他用浴巾
包住
他的身體
走出走出浴室。)
例:
25. Let's meet at the station
around
7:00
.
(那我們就
大約
七點時
,在火車站見。)
26. The building will be finished
around
the end of the year
.
(這棟建築物將
在年底前後
完成。)
一、
at +
地點:所謂「點」是指一個建物處所,或一個小落腳處、場合等,這是
at
非常常見的用法。
例:
27. Let's meet
at
the station
around 7:00.
(那我們就大約七點時,
在
火車站
見。)
28. We all stood
at
the door
and said goodbye to my father.
(我們都站
在
門口
向爸爸說再見。)
29. I saw Mary
at
Jean's birthday party
.
(我
在
Jean
的慶生會上
,看到了
Mary
。)
二、
at +
時刻:所謂「時刻」是指「幾點幾分」之意;也並不一定是要指明「幾點幾分」,有類似之意者,也是用
at
。
例:
30. The first class at this school starts
at
8:15
.
(這所學校的第一節課是
(在)
8:15
開始。)
31.
At
the moment
you called, I was taking a bath.
(
在
你打電話來
的那個時候
,我正在洗澡。)
三、
at night
:這和
in the morning/afternoon/evening
不同,請注意。
例:
32. I usually get my e-mails
at
night
.
(我通常是
在
晚上的時候
收電子郵件。)
四、
at +
年齡:用以指某人做某事時的年齡。
例:
33. He got his first job
at
25
.
(他
在
他
25
歲時
獲得第一份工作。)
五、
at +
目標(人或物):這種用法,
常和動詞連用
。
例:
34. I still couldn't hear though my sister
shouted atme
then.
(雖然我妹妹當時
對著
我大聲喊叫
,我還是沒有聽到。)
35.
Look at the baby
. It has been
smiling
at
you
for a long time.
(
注意看
那個嬰兒
,它一直
對著
你笑
好久了。)
六、
at +
一種狀態、情形或持續的活動:
例:
36. She is
at
school
from 8:
(早上八點到下午四點十分,是她的
上學時間
。)
37. Do not play any online games
at
work
.
(
上班時間
,禁止打線上遊戲。)
七、
其它與形容詞連結使用,
請按這裡
。
八、
其它與動詞連結使用,
請按這裡
。
例:
38. Please come back home
before
dinner
.
(請
在
晚餐之前
回到家。)
39. We have to finish
before
6:00
.
(我們必須
在
六點之前
完成。)
behind
:
在(人
/
事物)之後。也可以等於
in back of ...
。另請和
after
比較。
|
例:
40. Who's the girl
behind
Henry
?
(
在
Henry
之後
的那個女孩是誰?)
41. Our school is
behind
my home
.
(我們學校
在
我家的後面
。)
42. I'm
behind
other classmates
in class in math.
(我在數學方面
落後
其它同學
。)
below
:
在
...
底下。是
above
的相反詞。
|
例:
43. Do not write any words
below
my name
.
(
在
我的名字底下
,不要寫任何字。)
44. Each girl's skirt must be
below
her knees
.
(每個女孩子的裙子,必須要
長過
膝蓋
。)
註
:
below
和
under
都是「在
...
之下」之意,有時也互通;但若是指「正下方」,或是含有「覆蓋」之意的「在
...
之下」時,則用
under
;若不是指「正下方」,或指「某個度量單位底下」,則是用
below
。
例:
45. What are you wearing
under
your jacket
?
(你
在
夾克之下
,穿什麼呢?)
──
人的身體是包在夾克之內的。
46. The three people stopped
(那三個人
在
山頂下
──
那三個人所停下的地點,絕非在山頂的正下方,否則就會和孫悟空一樣,被壓在山腳下了。
beside
:
在(人
/
事物)旁邊,等於
next to
。
|
例:
47. You can sit
beside
Tom
.
(你可以坐
在
Tom
旁邊
。)
between
常見用於
between A and B
,因
between
是介詞,所以句型中的
A
和
B
,都得用「
受格
」。
例:
48. My home is
between
a flower store and a convenience store
on
(我家位
在
復文路
一家花店和一家超商之間
。)
49. This car costs
between
750 and 800 thousand dollars
.
(這部車價值
在
75
到
80
萬之間
。)
50. You can plant some flowers
between
the trees
.
(你可以
在
樹之間
種些花。)
一、被:用於「被動態」中
。
例:
51. The car was bought
by
Mr. Robinson
.
(那部車是
被
Robinson
先生買去的。)
52. I like eating the fish which is cooked
by
Ms. Lee
.
(我喜歡吃
(被)
Lee
小姐
烹調的魚。)
二、借助於:
例:
53. I go to school
by
bike
every day.
(我每天
騎腳踏車
上學。)
54. The Lu family went to the
(盧家一行人,去年
搭飛機
去綠島。)
55. The boss wants me to tell him
by
e-mail
.
(老闆要我
用
e-mail
告訴他。)
三、在
...
旁邊:
例:
56. You can use the telephone
by
the window
if you need.
(假如你有需要的話,
窗戶旁的
電話可自行使用。)
57. Please come and sit
by
me
.
(請過來坐在
我的旁邊
。)
四、經過(人
/
物):
例:
58. He
goes by a church
every morning on my way to school.
(他每天上學時,都會
經過
一間教堂
。)
59. Surprisingly, Tom didn't say anything when he
walked byme
yesterday.
(好驚訝喔,
Tom
昨天
經過
我的旁邊
,竟然一句話也沒說。)
五、以連續的單位、批量或程度計:
例:
60. He is getting better
day by day
.
(他的情況
一天一天地
改善著。)
61. The students got into the classroom
two bytwo
.
(學生們
兩個兩個地
進入教室。)
六、根據:
by +
事物
例:
62. It's five o'clock
by
my watch
.
(
根據
我的錶
,現在是五點。)
63. I could tell
by
the look on his face
that something bad had happened.
(
根據
他的臉色
,我可以知道已發生了不好的事。)
一、由上而下:
例:
64. She walked
down
the stairs
slowly.
(她緩步地
走下樓梯
。)
二、沿著;順著:
例:
65. You'll see the movie theater at your right side if you walk
down
the street
.
(假如你
順著
這條街
走下去,你就會在你的右手邊看到那家戲院。)
例:
66. Mr. and Mrs. Chen often take a trip with their children
during
the summer vacation
.
(
67. The phone suddenly rang
during
the meal
.
(
在
吃飯的時候
,電話鈴聲突然響起。)
例:
68. All of you can go
except
John
.
(
除了
John
之外
,你們都可以去。)
──
也就是說
John
不能去之外,其他的人都可以去。
69. The restaurant is open every day
except
Wednesday
.
(
除了
星期三之外
,這家餐廳每天都有營業。)
綜合練習:
請依上、下文意,選出最正確的答案。
|
1. After work, I like sitting
the river near our house to relax (
放輕鬆
) myself.
(A) around
(B) along
(C) before
(D) by
2. Tim: Who is your sister in that class?
Nickie: The girl who sits
Jessie and Betty.
(A) between
(B) except
(C) during
(D) beside
3. Peter: Why not ride our bicycles
the road tomorrow early morning? It must be beautiful at that time.
Shirley: You're right. There are a lot of tall trees here and there.
(A) across
(B) along
(C) below
(D) about
4. There's a swimming match next month at this lake. Everyone has to swim
the lake from here.
(A) behind
(B) after
(C) beside
(D) across
5. Adam: I'm so excited. This is my first time to take an airplane.
Robert: So am
(A) before
(B) down
(C) above
(D) during
6. The train we are taking is too slow, so we'll get there
8:30 p.m.
(A) between
(B) around
(C) below
(D) beside
7. I can study well and get good grades on almost all the subjects
math. It is always hard for me.
(A) except
(B) about
(C) by
(D) at
8. David: Where are we going to meet tomorrow afternoon?
Helen: Let's meet
the fast-food restaurant near the movie theater.
We can take our time to enjoy our lunch before going to the movie.
(A) by
(B) at
(C) down
(D) before
9. Mom: Little Tommy, you must be sure to walk
your daddy, or you'll get lost on such a busy street.
Tommy: Yes, Mom.
(A) after
(B) along
(C) behind
(D) below
10. Tony: You've to get ready
5:20, or we can't catch the train.
Jenny: Don't be worried. Just give me five more minutes, and I'll finish it.
(A) beside
(B) during
(C) above
(D) before
11. My classmate, Emma, practices Chinese every day, and her Chinese is improving (
改善
) little
little.
(A) by
(B) around
(C) at
(D) except
12. My son's English isn't good enough. He usually keeps a dictionary
him while he reads an English book.
(A) about
(B) beside
(C) during
(D) before
13. Children usually like watching TV programs
rabbits.
(A) below
(B) between
(C) around
(D) about
14.
getting off the bus, he walked to his office slowly.
(A) Before
(B) After
(C) Behind
(D) About
15.
my stay in
(A) Along
(B) Between
(C) During
(D) Around
16. We spent the whole day riding bikes
the town.
(A) by
(B) around
(C) beside
(D) above
17. Basketball players have to play basketball
the rules.
(A) by
(B) at
(C) about
(D) during
18. Our English teacher's house is about
(A) after
(B) between
(C) along
(D) across
19. Mr. Robinson has worked in that office year
year since he was 22.
(A) along
(B) after
(C) before
(D) behind
20. Look at the note
the picture. We've to pay first after we order what we want.
(A) behind
(B) around
(C) across
(D) above
21. I would like to buy a car these days. However, it's hard for me to make a choice
the two colors. Red or white?
(A) during
(B) across
(C) between
(D) below
22. Mark: What kind of book are you reading,
Nancy: I'm reading a book
American history.
(A) at
(B) above
(C) about
(D) along
23.
the time I stayed in
(A) During
(B) Along
(C) After
(D) Between
24. While camping, students like dancing or having a party
the bonfire (
營火
) at night.
(A) along
(B) during
(C) before
(D) around
25. Mary met one of her classmates in senior high school
her sister's birthday party.
(A) except
(B) at
(C) beside
(D) down